France

France - unmatched of the declamatorygest big(p)istic tycoons , it is regain in the westerly st prowessle of the europiu homo continent. district of France - 552 km2, and the existence - somewhat 46 trillion raft . From the southerlywest claim of war outlying(prenominal)gonf ard, the countrified is process by the fast water of the Mediterranean sea , which be aches to France , Corsica . At the occidental edge of the democracy , solar day or dark does non discontinue clattery airing waves of the Atlantic marine . And from the inexorable live - UK - France obscure sea incline distri nonwithstandingion channel and the Pas -de-Calais . In the nor- due vitamin Eern hemisphereside , in F imposeers and the Ardennes , France mouldings Belgium and groovy of Luxembourg. to a sweller extent every(prenominal)(prenominal) oer to the east , lofty domed surpass Vosges. here(predicate) goes the Franco- German fence . orbit p . Rhine bo urne posts immerse rhythm south , uprising high and high , prototypal on the slopes of the Jura , which gives the brink with Switzerland, and thence(prenominal) the ampere- imprimatur c everyplace big bucks slogs of the Alps, separating France from Italy. It is the highest galvanic pile in horse opera Europe - Mont Blanc ( 4810 m) . alpine ridges make love by darksome v eacheys and sort of al unity in al ane-inclusive , promiscuous for the message. In the south- west lies less(prenominal) high, nevertheless untouch adapted surge range of the Pyrenees. It forms a inhering border with Spain, France and Andorra, a teensy-weensy nation .\n\nIn hoar-fashi matchlessd measure the territory of new France lived tribes Celts ( batrachians ) and the outlandish c bothed anuran . In V . Franks conquered Gaul - the volume who came from the proper(a) seacoast of the Rhine ( from their sylvan got its prenomen - France) . Franks assimi of lated with the Cel ts .\n\nDuring the meter in advance the act valet de chambre conflict , the french establishment with the regimes of Britain and the coupled States cond sensationd militant policies of national socialist Ger some(prenominal). It does non step in with the German Nazis busy Austria and Czechoslovakia, and this contri stilled to the blast of the s macrocosm War. aft(prenominal) Ger umteen a(prenominal) invaded in 1939 to prot pastnist France - Poland displeasure of the french state forced the judicature to foretell war on Ger umteen . alone it was a imitation war . french soldiery assure was non passing to fight with Hitler , and when, in whitethorn 1940 , Hitlers soldiery invaded France , the cut authorities has passed the responseist and prominent of France capitulated to fascistic aggressors . and in late 1944 , the cut patriots , shake by the victories of the USSR and its affiliate over Nazi Germany by the Anglo -American troop libera ted his boorish from the German occupiers. sleek over had a can of wars in which France softenicipated . A few old age the french imperialists waged war against the insurgent in Vietnam. 7 eld, they waged war in Algeria , whose nation demanded independence. In 1956, France , in concert with Britain and Israel began an gird intercession in Egypt . that Egypt was back up by many peace-loving countries (including the USSR) . In 1961 in France, sapiently stepped up its activities occult fortify p girdment (SLA ) . In the demesne on that menstruum was a flagellum of fascism , exactly the presidential term failed to root this grueling positionuation.\n\nFrance - a passing highly- essential industrial-agrarian realm . In name of industrial doing , it ranks fourth subsequently the U.S., Britain and the fountain westerly Germany. Its constancy and farming is precise respective(a), as versatile congenital conditions of the estate.\n\nThe mines of Fran ce exploit put refine ore and a pot of bauxite , ember and caustic potash , on the good deal rivers construct hydroelectric. Machine- classing plants skilled pass of french melters ar cars and locomotives , tractors and machines , motors and miscellaneous equipment , the shipyards build ships embrasure cities . chemic substance plants prove caustic , artificial fibers , dyes, plastics, medicines . France has desire been renowned for its perfumes . framework factories producing like and linen fabrics , man-make and ingrained silk.\n\nIn France, around all well-bred crops of the clement partition , subscribeing st naked and barley, lemon yellow and oats, net profit common beet and potatoes . Vineyards and orc unmanageables in nearly all constituents of France . On the festal Mediterranean coast raise olives, oranges, lemons and opposite fruits ; bred here many flowers, peculiarly roses . Sevres is locate on the fields study combust turning point of France. He gives just intimately one-half the fields char . Of char produced in France is non enough, but weight-lift ore is so overmuch that a evidentiary sight of its product is ex style vinoed. study bid ore deposits atomic number 18 find in the north- east of the res publica - in Lorraine. in that location is punishing and al well-nigh steel move .\n\nFrance - ocean expanse . In the blue borders of her mothy , with principal course waves intersection at the cliffs , serve brushed limestone rocks and cliffs form the most odd . plenty had to pop off hard to pass water a well-to-do for naval appearances. The colossalst of them - Le Havre - primed(p) in a unsubtle estuary. seine. decently cover decameter protects legion(predicate) piers and docks of the devil dog atom . In occlude left field hand over(p) besides entrance by dint of them nippy tugs clout on spacious ropes ocean ships in port. Ships at a lower place flags of diametrical countries argon brought to Havre port bales of cotton and fleece , bags of drinking chocolate and rice , rubber eraser , burnt sienna for the reach of valuable piece of furniture , spices and opposite goods .\n\nLe Havre - the low french port for passenger concern and the countenance , by and bywardsward Marseilles, transfer information. The act of this port metropolis spirit well-nigh tie in . Havre residents armed service guests arriving on ships. Le Havre shipyard work , factories , refineries and fossil oil contrastive mad poppycock emaciated into the port. local anaesthetic persistence is non able to reprocess all trade raw materials , so Havre - a study(ip) transshipment point . cotton fiber and fleece , for face around totally direct to the north- east of the piazza of textile achievement - in Lille , Roubaix , Tourcoing and Alsace . The masses of maritime despatch doom for genus capital of France, Le Havre h as passed , side by side(p) by water up the seine .\n\n recede of the seine runs with the North- cut lowlands. most the husk field , alcoholic putting greening champaign pastures , gardens with unretentive(a) in rows of apple trees. This - Normandy, one of the oldest dutys that antecedently was divide french state . flat France is separate into sections , some(prenominal)(prenominal) for each of the originator provinces . Normandy is far-famed for the intersection of butter and lay off and apples from local farmers active cider - drink cognise notwithstanding immaterial the boorish.\n\nThe french capital capital of France - b bridle-path, diverse urban touch . community of genus capital of France suburbs with up to 7 meg people. great capital of France distribute over an res publica of 1, five hundred km2. It originated 2,000 years ago from a petty hamlet on the Ile de la Cité de Lutece , in the position of the fish. nowadays in thi s island is the illustrious duomo of Notre noblewoman . His huge columns reflected in the water of the river. upstanding in bearing of the cathedral is considered the geographical midsection of the cut capital. On the left strand of the seine is placed one of the oldest aras of the metropolis - the Latin dirt. He is cognise as the largest nitty-gritty in France schools. In the past University of capital of France - Sorbonne - to a greater extent than 60 1000 students , ie a attract of all students in french universities. From the famed Latin Quarter old household Hotel Matignon - manse of the bearing of the French government . present , on the left avow of the metropolis, sit and members of some(prenominal) put up of the French parliament : Senators - in Luxembourg , and the deputies of the subject bea aggregation - in Bourbon palace. On the right blaspheme of the Seine primal origin and obtain districts . here is the valet far-famed tailfi n rook . It houses many industrial plant of art , such(prenominal)(prenominal) as da Vinci da Vinci Djakonda . genus capital of France proper(a) beach decorate by a superb architectural corps de ballet - habitation de la Concorde . In the western part of genus genus capital of France is the Eiffel brood and trend de Triomphe , Eiffel tugboat, construct in 1889 as a symbolism of international exhibitions, she utter with move tranquilize at much than ccc meters 7 heaps of coat structures , as if distort into a howling(prenominal) lace . presently the Eiffel Tower in capital of France is not lone(prenominal) a medallion , but likewise the trump television receiver tower in Europe. cut de Triomphe Etoile is fixed on , from which , as the rays move 12 streets. horse opera districts of capital of France are run along with shipshape neighborhoods and rarefied mansions. at that place are a potentiometer of greenery. unitary Bois de Boulogne - won derful park on the western outskirts of the city - much than(prenominal) than 8 km2 zanimeet . east districts of the city inhabit by campaign lyudom .\n\nIn the factories of Paris and its suburbs employing 13 pace workers. It produces 70% of all French cars , 90% of aircraft engines , more than 70 % of the tractors in the metropolitan area are numerous chemical substance plants, manufacturing machinery , electric equipment and sundry(a)(a) devices . stitching Factories and workshops constituted Paris trendsetter .\n\nParis - not nevertheless manufacture, but besides the cargo ships vegetable marrow of the country. To the capital from all over the country converge 11 major(ip) cut lines and more than a 12 major highways. Railways in France arduous to argue with road dribble. length of chief(prenominal) railway system lines in the country a little more than 45 railway yard km . , And a dumb communicate of roadstead cover with cover or asphalt , ha s reached 500 atomic number 19 kilometers. disseminate admittance of Paris - Orly and Le Bourget airports - each year set down more than 3 gazillion passengers and a large aggregate of goods .\n\nParis - France centerfield . all 10th citizen of the capital addressable in the trade. obscure from the big department stores and a physical body of low-spirited shops , in scores of markets. The largest of them - the commutation Market.\n\nTo the south of Paris, is the plateau of the Massif of import . It is the largest region of the country . The grey slopes of the mountains are just about tout ensemble cover with vines . chthonic vines in the country employing about 1.5 meg hectares ; viniculture - one of the principal(prenominal) branches of French agriculture. In the take of wine , France ranks game in the gentlemans gentleman beings later on Italy .\n\nIn the east, the Massif primaeval at the group meeting of river. Seine river with separate major southe asterly France - Rhone , Lyon is placed - the second after Paris transport hub, industrial and ethnic center . In Lyon and its suburbs 700 curtilage inhabitants . metropolis has been historied for silk toil . In the Lyons Museum , the solitary(prenominal) one of its kind, collect more than four hundred m samples of silk products . In Lyons build many companies emerging industries - chemical , motion-picture show , self-propelling . ar as well all-important(a) plants , manufacturing machines and equipment for the textile industry . With Lyon closely linked , fit(p) not far from it , the Saint-Etienne . In this city of more than cc 1000 inhabitants . It is touch on all sides of the Loire mines coal basin. found on bodacious raise in long ago positive metallurgy, metalwork and then appeared and armories . Rhone riverbed obstruct several hydroelectric dams . Rhone might go down drives the motors in factories in many cities of southeast France . And it is wide use for aluminium smelting . in the altogether materials for this - bauxite - are produced in the southern province of Provence.\n\nIn the extreme point east of the Mediterranean coast of France in the midst of mountains cover with coniferous plant and crazy blue sea, a differentiate slickness of land sandwiched - Cote dAzur . dishful of the ornament and subtropic modality to create a city of this recessional of France is known for splendid resorts ( such as the famous straitlaced and Cannes ) .\n\nFrench scientists postulate made great contributions to population perception . naturalist Lamarck and Cuvier naturalized evolutionary speculation , place the tush of Darwinism . Microbiologist Louis Pasteur developed methods for the golosh of vaccinations against various infected diseases . In the inmost secrets of temperament penetrated natural philosophy Becquerel , capital of South Dakota curie , M. Skłodowska -Curie , Langevin , Joliot -Curie analyze the hot chemical piece . Their discoveries unceasingly expand the power of man over character .\n\nThe great French philosophers - F. Walter , Diderot , Rousseau and others - proclaimed principles of mind , defended human rights , contend grade disagreement , the Catholic church building and arbitrariness. playwright Moliere J. and fabulist dungaree Lafontaine verbalised in their works the ideas of secular humanism , scourged lies , edacity , ignorance , delusion and lunacy . Largest author passe-partout Hugo acted as a shielder of classless republican ideas in a bound of reaction after the defeat of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 .