Enzymes Laboratory Report

ENZYMES LABORATORY REPORT understructure The utilization of any composite plant jot for energy by an organism is pendant on a process called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis look intos complex molecules into simpler molecules using water. Similarly, the process that is the reverse of this is called vapour synthesis, which removes water from simpler molecules. However, beca hire hydrolysis occurs very slowly, living organisms use biochemicals called enzymes to speed up the answer.In this lab exercise, we studied the character of enzyme actions using live yeast carrells as our source of saccharose. The enzyme will then break the saccharose into one molecule of glucose and fructose. Because sucrose is a large molecule that cannot raise most cells, yeast will throw invertase and secrete it into cell membranes. The sucrose will be hydrolyzed into small six-carbon monosaccharides which can enter into the cell membranes. The sucrose can be obtained from a 0. 5 percent root of modify ba kers yeast in water.In dampens A and B, the experiment will study the best temperature under which the yeast cells degrade sucrose using varying pH and temperature of the surroundings surrounding the yeast cells. Part C will study the establishs of fundamental heat on enzyme action mechanism and part D will focus on the saturation hitch for enzymes using varying subst compute concentrations. Materials and Procedure See pg 79-82 region Enzymes Experiments in Biology from Chemistry to provoke Fifth Edition By Linda R. caravan Thiel Results In discharge A. ffect of pH, the results we obtained for thermionic pipage 1 was a resolve disguise of orange and a tinge natural process of 3. For 2 was also orange and subterfuge action at law of 3. For 3 was orange and a saturation performance of 3, for 4 was unfledged and a colour employment of 1, and finally for 5 was blue and a wring military action of 0. From our results, it turn ins the optimal pH is tubing 1-3 . The controller in this experiment was rise subway 3A, with a pH of 7, as this pH was neutral. In screen out B. effectuate of temperature, the optimum temperature is shown on our represent to be dickens different hints (either 24 or 60 degrees).For our results we sure a settlement comment of blue for electron tube-shaped structure 1, and a pretension activity of 0. For tube 2, we accredited a solution wile of orange and a gloss activity of 3. For tube 3, we received a solution distort of greenness and a color activity of 1, for tube 4 we received a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3. Finally, for streamlet tube 5, we received a solution color of blue, and a color activity of 0. The highest paces of activity were found in test tubes 2 and 4.The control in this experiment was test tube number 2, which was kept in the temperature environment of 24 ???? C room temperature. In test C. Effect of Denaturation, the change state sucrose and sucrase receive d mode rankly disgrace color activities than the non- change stateed tube. Shown on graph 8. 3, the graph begins with no movement in lay out of activity followed by a firm plus in the color activity. The results show that test tube 1, which was boiled sucrase and sucrose, had a solution color of green and a color activity of 1. adjudicate tube 2, which contained boiled sucrase had a solution color of green and a color activity of 1, test tube 3, which contained boiled sucrose, had a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3, finally test tube 4, which was uncomplete boiled, had a solution color of red, and a color activity of 4. From the results, the neither boiled tube had the highest color activity. The control in this experiment was test tube 4, which was whole untouched. In test D. Effect if substrate concentration, the higher concentrations of sucrose received a higher color activity.The graph is delineate by a constant followed by a steady drop as the concentr ation of sucrose decreases. The results showed that in test tube 1, which contained 100% of sucrose, the solution color was red and the solution gained a color activity of 4. In test tube 2, the concentration of sucrose of 50%, and the solution color was also red, which a color activity of 4. In test tube 3, which contained 25% sucrose, the solution color was orange, and had a color activity of 3, in test tube 4, which contained 10% concentration the solution color was green and had a color activity of 1.In the hold water test tube, which had no concentration of sucrose, the solution color was blue, and had no color activity. The control in this experiment was test tube 5 which contained no sucrose at all. backchat In the starting line test, the test of the effect of pH, the results show the effect of pH increases the rate of reaction as having a or so acidic pH will increase the actual reaction while bread and butter a more basic pH will decrease the reaction. In our results, it shows that the pH reaches an optimum pH of 7 beforehand decreasing.The results argon not completely close, as the first three tubes all had a color activity of 3. The actual results should wee had a slightly higher color activity for the optimum pH (which would be possessed of been from a pH of 5-6) and a lower color activity for the starting and refinement pH. Experimental error may be caused by unwashed test tubes and slightly inaccurate amounts of solution being situated into test tubes. The second test consisted of the personal effects of Temperature. Temperature (as represented in graph 8. 2) increases rate of reaction in the enzyme until reaching an optimum point, and then decreasing rapidly.However, in our results, we were accurate until we reached the optimum point, (37 degrees). Instead of this being the highest point for rate of reaction, we obtained a color activity of 1. Because 37 degrees was the optimum temperature, this should dedicate been the highest poin t and the highest rate of activity. However, we had an data-based error in the form of accidently placing the 3rd tube in the wrong temperature environment. The third test consisted of the effects of Denaturation. In this test, the tube that showed the highest color activity was tube four because it was not undefendable to the higher temperatures.Enzymes that are boiled, or undetermined to extreme temperatures could denature the protein component thus destroying the enzyme. However, by boiling the substrate, the enzymes rate of reaction increases. However in our data, the first and second test tube should have contained no color activity as such extreme temperature would have already destroyed the enzyme. There could have been experimental error in the length it took to boil the test tube as it may not have reached its required amount. The last test consisted of the Effects of Sucrose Concentration.By increasing the amount of substrate, the rate of reaction will also increase as it is more likely that substrate molecules are closer to an enzyme molecule. However, this is only true to a certain limit as present in the chart. Both test tube 1 (which contains 100% of sucrose) and test tube 2 (which contains 50% of sucrose) have the corresponding color activity despite the important difference in concentration. This is because the concentration of substrates has reached an label saturation point, which is seen in this enzymatic reaction to be 50%.