Health Promotion Study Guide Essay

Illness is an event that manifests itself through plain/felt changes in the body. Illness is the state in which the physical, delirious, social, quick or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with previous experience. It is not synonymous with infirmity and may or may not be related to disease. Illness is highly subjective. wellness is the state of being florid in both body and mind as the result of weigh effort. Wellness is the state of well-being. It is an approach to health assistance that emphasizes preventing illness and prolonging life as opposed to emphasizing treating diseases.Anspaugh et al propose 7 components of wellness 1) fleshly 2) Social 3) Emotional 4) Intellectual 5) Spiritual 6) Occupational and 7) Environmental. Well-being/Wellness is a subjective perception of vitality and musical note well which house be described objectively, experienced, and measured and can be plotted on a continuum. Dunns concept of high level wellness theorizes that wellness is the degree of illness/health modified by the environment. It says that it is an integrated order of functioning that is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the person is cap competent.It requires that the individual state a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning. The unhurrieds perception of health, wellness and illness must be con facial expressionred by the nurse in order to provide individualized, quality care. life style factors that influence health (PP Health Promotion and Disease Prevention) Internal and foreign factors influence health status. Internal factors allow in Age, Genetics, Physiologic, Lifestyle, Health habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol, eating habits, solve and stress).External factors include Environment (radiation, air pollution, H20 and sun exposure), Safety (seatbelts, equitation on motorcycle), and Standard of living (less(prenominal) educated the poorer the health). H ow to take a patient roles temperature using different routes (Lab & Kozier PP. 532-537) There are a flake of body sites for measuring body temperature. The most common are oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and temporal artery. Normal adult temperature is 37 degree C and 98. 6 degree F. In aged adults ( > 70), temp is unremarkably 36 degrees C or 96. 8 degrees F. Newborns- 1 yr old are normally 98. 2 degree F and 36. 8 degree C. Oral more or less common route. mastermind thermometer underneath the tongue on either side of the frenulum. Do NOT take in someone with mouth lesions or if patient has had oral surgery. Be sure to ask if patient has had anything coolness/hot to drink in last 30 minutes. Rectal intimately accurate route. Place Pt. in lateral or Sims position. take gloves and instruct patient to take a slow deep breathing spell during insertion. Insert 1. 5 inches in adults. Do NOT take in Pt that has had rectal surgery, has lower GI problems, is immuno-suppressed, ha s a clotting bother or Pt that has hemorrhoids. In some agencies taking rectal temps is contraindicated in patients who excite had an MI.It is believed that this can stimulate the Vagus nerve which can feat myocardial damage. Tympanic Temps measured in this site are usually 1. 1-1. 5 degrees higher than oral. These are non invasive and quick. To measure temp, pull atrial auricle slightly upward and back( adults) and point the test slightly anteriorly, toward eardrum. Insert the test slowly using a circular motion until snug. Axillary The least(prenominal) accurate route but safest route. Dry arm pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in center of axilla. In order to obtain a more accurate reading it must be left in place for a long sequence. Temporal Artery Safe, noninvasive and really fast.Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a scanning infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead then drawn laterally to the hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also affected behind earlobe. Levels of preventive health care Three levels of preventative care are Primary focuses on health promotion and protection against particular health problems or health essays. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy individuals or groups. Examples include Immunizations risk assessments for specific disease i. e. iabetes health education about injury and poisoning prevention. Secondary- focuses on early identification of health problems and prompt intervention to compose health problems. Goal is to identify people in early stages of disease process and to limit future dis faculty. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health care for people with health problems (i. e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of complications and disabilities. Examples include Encouraging regular medical/ dental checkups Teaching self tryout of breast scr eening surveys hypertension).Tertiary- focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the goal of move the person to optimal level of functioning, within the constraints of the disability. This level of prevention occurs subsequently an illness, when a defect is stabilized or fixed and determined to be irreversible. Examples include caring for someone with a chronic disease referring patient with colostomy to support group teaching patient with diabetes to identify and prevent complications ( tit disease) referring patient with spinal cord injury to a rehab to receive rearing to maximize his remaining abilities. pull in who the cured adult is and physiologic/psychological changes Successful psychological aging is reflected in the older persons ability to adapt to physical, social, and emotional tone endinges and to achieve contentment, serenity, and life considerations. The older adult continues to learn and problems solve and intelligence and personality remain as they retai n always been. A persons social ability does not change during the course of their life if you were a young forthcoming/introert you will be an old extrovert/introvert. Wisdom increases as we age.As a person get under ones skins older they go through physiological and psychosocial changes. Some physical changes are visible and some are not. In general lean body mass decrements, fat tissue increases, and operating system mass decreases. Intracellular fluid decreases which can cause dehydration. Skin becomes drier and less elastic and they become more susceptible to skin tears. penniless prominences may become visible. There is a loss of overall height and osteoporosis can occur in people who subscribe to insufficient expenditure of calcium and in women who have been through menopause. There is a cool it decrease in muscle fibers.Reaction while slows. There is loss of visual acuity and progressive loss of hearing and reduced duck soup and change magnitude rigidity of arter ies and an increase in line of reasoning pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is common. GI changes include increase in indigestion and constipation. There is increase in frequency and urgency of urination and incontinence in some(prenominal) older adults. Decreased immune reaction and lowered resistance to infection is normal. numerous an(prenominal) older people have decreased thyroid function and increased insulin resistance. Respiratory efficiency is reduced with age.Older adults may experience many health problems including physical injuries and chronic disabling disease, and dementia. Psychologically people have much to adapt to as they become older. Some of these things are 1) solitude this is often a difficult time of adjustment for people. Many have a brain of self worth from working and lose a sense of identity when they stop working. Income decreases sometimes by 35% during this time. 2) economical Change- Decrease in finances related to retirement and lack of grant plans/savings. Health care costs skyrocket because of increase in illnesses.This decrease in monetary resources can cause older people to become less independent. This causes them to lose self esteem and become depressed. 3) Grand-parenting At this time in life older people become grandparents and are able to provide support to younger family members in a number of ways. 4) Relocating- many people move closer to their children for general support and supervision. This is a very(prenominal) large-mouthed stressor. Older adults can either wait with their children live in assisted living, live at home with adult day care, live in a long term care facility or in private group homes. ) Maintaining Independence and Self Esteem- This is a big one. Elders thrive on independence and it is important for them to be able to sustain their self esteem. The more they can do for themselves the better. 5) Facing Death and sorrow as people age the chance of their spouse dying increases. Friend s and family members collapse and this is a period of adjustment and grieving. The older person has purports of loss, emptiness and loneliness during this time. According to Erickson the developmental task at this time is ego vs. despair. sight who attain ego integrity view life with a sense of wholeness and derive satisfaction from past accomplishments. This is the time of life where many older people lift off focusing on their faith and spirituality. or so people start an internal life review and seriously start thinking about their own imminent death. Caregiver Role colourwhat is it? What nursing interventions would the nurse provide? (P. 137) Caregiver role strain is when they have physical, emotional, social, and financial burdens that can seriously jeopardize their own health and well-being. treat intervention would be to encourage health professionals to express their musical notes and at the same time convey understanding about the difficulties associated with caregiv ing and acknowledge the caregivers competence. Through conversation with the caregiver assess areas where assistance may be desired or need. let on possible source of help. Like volunteer (family, neighbor, friends, church, caregiver support groups) or agency sources (home health aide, meals on wheels, day care, transportation, and counseling and social services. actuate the caregiver of the importance of caring for themselves.Know about these nursing diagnoses make do Ineffective, Fear, Anxiety (PP. 1069-1070) NANDA diagnostic labels related to stress, adaptation, and coping Anxiety Vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an automatic response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual) a feeling of apprehension caused by the anticipation of jeopardy. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with a threat. Fear response to sensed threat is consciously recognized as a danger.I neffective lintel Inability to from a valid appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use resources. Terms associated with assessment of round (CHP 29, PP. 538-540) Assessment of thrill Terms Locations Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal (dorsalis pedis) Pulse wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. Cardiac output volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals Stroke Volume (SV) X shopping mall Rate (HR) per minute.Compliance ability of the arteries to expand Peripheral beat pulse located away from the heart Apical Pulse central pulse apex of the heart (PMI) point of maximal impulse Palpation feeling Auscultation hearing DUS Doppler ultrasound stethoscope Tachycardia excessively fast heart rate ( over 100 BPM in an adult). Bradychardia A heart rate less than 60 BPM in an adult. Pulse rhythm pattern of the beat generation and t he intervals between beats. Dysrhythmia/arrythmia irregular rhythm. Pulse volume pulse strength or amplitude, refers to the force of the blood with each beat.Elasticity of the arterial wall reflects its expansibility or its deformities. Perfusion blood flow to a particular area of the body Understand different tools for therapeutic communication (P. 469-470 box 26-2) Broad opening disceptation General leads Reflecting/paraphrasing Sharing observations Acknowledging feelings Silence Giving information Clarifying Implied literal communication Summarizing Focusing (from power point 18 in communication) throw out information can be found on pg. 469 and 470 box 26-2 contrary domains of learning cognitive, affective, psychomotor (P. 89) Cognitive domain the thinking domain, includes six intellectual abilities and thinking processes beginning with knowing, comprehending, and applying to analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Affective domain the feeling domain is shared into categorie s that specify the degree of a persons depth of emotional response to tasks. Psychomotor domain the skill domain, includes motor skills such as giving an injection. Know normal vital signs for the adult and older adult. modal(a) range for adults (P. 529) 96. 8-100. 4. Older adults (>75) are at risk for hypothermia ( temperatures